How Can Computing Power Infrastructure Development Enhance Entrepreneurial Vitality in New Agricultural Business Models

As a core element of new quality productive forces in agriculture in the digital era, computing power has become a strategic infrastructure for promoting the digital transformation of traditional agriculture. Based on panel data from 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2023, and taking the "National Supercomputing Center Construction" as a quasi-natural experiment, this study empirically evaluates the impact and mechanism of computing power infrastructure construction on the entrepreneurial activity of new agricultural business forms using a multi-period difference-in-differences model. The research finds that the construction of national supercomputing centers significantly promoted the increase in entrepreneurial activity of new agricultural business forms in pilot areas compared to non-pilot areas, and the long-term effect after policy implementation shows a continuously increasing trend. Computing power infrastructure development enhances the entrepreneurial activity of new agricultural business forms through pathways such as promoting the application of agricultural big data, improving agricultural labor productivity, alleviating agricultural resource misallocation, and promoting agricultural technological innovation. Furthermore, the promoting effect on entrepreneurial activity of new agricultural business forms is more significant in regions with a superior government business environment, mature development of new agricultural business entities, a higher Digital Inclusive Finance Index, and strong government digital attention. The research conclusions provide empirical evidence for the government to scientifically allocate computing power resources and construct entrepreneurial support systems for new agricultural business forms according to local conditions.