生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对企业创新的影响

刘胜; 李文秀; 陈秀英

生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对企业创新的影响

1.
广东外语外贸大学粤港澳大湾区研究院，广东广州 510006
2.
广东金融学院，广东广州 510521

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年项目 71803033

国家自然科学基金面上项目 71573057

详细信息

作者简介:
刘胜(1987-)，男，广东高州人，广东外语外贸大学粤港澳大湾区研究院讲师，博士

李文秀(1978-)，女，湖北汉川人，广东金融学院中国服务经济与贸易研究院研究员，博士

陈秀英(1987-)，女，湖南邵阳人，广东金融学院经济贸易学院讲师，博士

中图分类号: F062.9
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-05-27
- 刊出日期: 2019-05-28

The Impact of Co-agglomeration of Producer Services and Manufacturing Industries on the Enterprise's Innovation

1.
Institute of Studies for the Greater Bay Area, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou 510006
2.
Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou 510521, China

摘要

摘要: 制造业与生产性服务业合理的空间协同分布体系是企业创新发展的关键所在，但目前关于生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚如何影响企业创新的研究还相对匮乏。鉴于此，基于产业空间协同分布视角，利用中国工业企业微观数据与城市面板的匹配数据，实证检验生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对制造业企业技术创新的影响效应及其作用机制。结果发现：生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚显著促进了企业的技术创新，并且这一作用依赖于企业所有制类型、要素密集度、沟通密集度、城市规模等异质性因素。进一步研究表明，生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚主要通过作用于企业的交易成本结构、进入与退出决策行为及研发创新激励来影响企业的技术创新活动。
- 产业协同集聚 /
- 企业创新 /
- 实体经济 /
- 异质性 /
- 制造业 /
- 生产性服务业
Abstract: The integration of advanced manufacturing and modern services is the key to enterprise's innovation. However, there are rare researches on how the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries stimulates technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises. Based on the matching data of China's industrial enterprises and prefecture-level cities, this paper empirically examines the impact and its mechanism of co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries on enterprise's innovation. The results show that the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries significantly promotes the innovation tendency of manufacturing enterprises, and this effect depends on factors such as the type of enterprise ownership, factor intensity, the size of city and so on. Furthermore, the co-agglomeration of producer services and manufacturing industries influences the innovation tendency of manufacturing enterprises mainly through the channels of transaction cost, behavior of entry and exit, incentive of R&D innovation.
- industrial co-agglomeration /
- enterprise's innovation /
- the real economy /
- heterogeneity /
- manufacturing /
- producer services

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表 1 主要变量统计性描述

符号	平均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
innov	2.595 1	20.955 5	0.000 0	588.053 3
coagg	2.785 4	0.451 2	0.829 9	4.247 0
lnage	2.086 9	0.985 2	0.000 0	4.795 8
exp	0.255 0	0.435 8	0.000 0	1.000 0
lnemp	4.857 9	1.142 0	2.079 4	11.579 0
lnavek	4.744 7	1.060 4	0.004 6	11.663 1
sshare	0.157 2	0.348 8	0.000 0	1.000 0
fshare	0.074 7	0.245 9	0.000 0	1.000 0

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表 2 基准回归结果

变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
coagg	1.833 2^***	1.690 0^***	1.791 4^***	1.341 9^***	1.607 2^***	1.014 1^***	1.005 3^***	1.290 7^***
	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
lnage		1.501 7^***	-0.077 8	-0.552 6^***	-0.310 8^*	-0.602 7^***	-0.705 0^***	-0.629 2^***
		(0.000 0)	(0.672 1)	(0.003 0)	(0.090 2)	(0.001 0)	(0.000 2)	(0.000 7)
lnage²			0.408 5^***	0.508 4^***	0.260 5^***	0.286 2^***	0.321 4^***	0.282 0^***
			(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
exp				3.489 5^***	1.421 2^***	1.540 0^***	1.527 0^***	2.095 1^***
				(0.000)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
lnemp					2.833 2^***	3.186 2^***	3.208 4^***	3.271 9^***
					(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
lnavek						2.311 5^***	2.318 7^***	2.407 1^***
						(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
sshare							-0.370 7	-0.478 2^*
							(0.155 0)	(0.066 0)
fshare								-2.903 6^***
								(0.000 0)
Cons	-2.176 9^***	-4.571 4^***	-3.668 1^***	-2.842 3^***	-15.793 0^***	-26.810 8^***	-26.857 9^***	-28.244 2^***
	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
Obs	220 686	220 686	220 686	220 686	220 665	220 487	218 476	218 476
R²	0.001 4	0.004 7	0.00 5	0.009 2	0.024 7	0.035 4	0.035 6	0.036 6
注：括号中为稳健p值，^、^、^**分别表示10%、5%、1%的显著性水平。下表同

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表 3 区分产业集聚类型的回归结果

变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
coagg	1.328 9^***
	(0.000 0)
coagg_jt		0.983 7^***
		(0.000 0)
coagg_tel			0.772 5^***
			(0.000 0)
coagg_fin				0.527 3^***
				(0.000 0)
coagg_len					0.814 2^***
					(0.000 0)
coagg_rd						1.250 6^***
						(0.000 0)
控制变量	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Obs	218 476	218 476	218 476	218 476	218 476	218 476
R²	0.036 6	0.036 6	0.036 3	0.036 1	0.036 4	0.037 0
注：控制变量同表 2，篇幅所限未能予以详细列示。下表同

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表 4 区分城市规模及产业集聚类型的回归结果

变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
变量	大城市			中等城市			小城市
coagg	0.706 3^***			1.091 8^***			1.253 4^***
	(0.000 0)			(0.000 0)			(0.000 0)
coagg_ks		0.758 5^***			0.981 4^***			0.787 8^***
		(0.000 0)			(0.000 0)			(0.004 0)
coagg_rd			0.973 7^***			1.253 4^***			0.345 2
			(0.000 0)			(0.000 0)			(0.192 1)
控制变量	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Obs	152 353	152 353	152 353	44 745	44 745	44 745	44 745	21 378	21 378
R²	0.037 7	0.037 6	0.038 0	0.035 1	0.035 0	0.035 6	0.035 6	0.029 0	0.028 7

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表 5 区分行业技术密集度及沟通密集度的回归结果

	劳动密集型	资本密集型	技术密集型	非沟通密集型	沟通密集型
coagg	0.628 1^***	2.026 1^***	1.418 8^***	1.146 3^***	2.424 0^***
	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)
控制变量	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Obs	97 386	68 238	52 932	80 228	63 684
R²	0.017 6	0.041 8	0.052 1	0.020 9	0.060 1

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表 6 区分其他异质性特征的回归结果

	发明	其他	内资	外资	约束强	约束弱	距离大	距离小	密集型	非密集型
coagg	0.32^***	1.11^***	1.39^***	1.04^***	0.45^***	1.98^***	0.72^***	1.78^***	1.08^***	1.28^***
	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)	(0.00)
控制变量	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Obs	218 556	218 556	166 915	42 372	105 045	113 511	101 684	116 872	37 601	180 955
R²	0.020 5	0.028 9	0.043	0.021 2	0.002 8	0.037 1	0.034 4	0.037 4	0.055 9	0.031 2

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表 7 生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚影响企业创新的稳健性回归结果

变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
coagg	0.253 0^***	0.207 8^**	0.192 9^***	0.189 2^***	0.061 2^*	0.176 2^***
	(0.000 0)	(0.010 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.000 0)	(0.070 0)	(0.000 0)
控制变量	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
Obs	3 923	3 923	3 923	3 923	3 923	3 923
R²	0.136 3	0.134 1	0.129 7	0.138 4	0.118 5	0.144 7
注：列(1)~(6)是采用coagg、coagg_ks、coagg_jt、coagg_tel、coagg_fin、coagg_len为核心解释变量的结果

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表 8 生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对企业创新的作用机制回归结果

变量	研发创新激励M₁	进入决策M_2en	退出决策M_2ex	交易成本结构M₃
coagg	0.052 3^***(0.000 0)	0.180 2^***(0.000 0)	0.028 4^**(0.010 2)	-0.633 7(0.603 9)
lnage	-0.160 6^***(0.000 0)	-1.102 3^***(0.000 0)	0.034 6^**(0.039 6)	-1.306 5(0.5640)
lnage2	0.054 9^***(0.000 0)	0.149 4^***(0.000 0)	0.014 6^***(0.000 6)	1.065 2(0.175 7)
exp	0.142 3^***(0.000 0)	-0.136 5^***(0.000 0)	-0.096 2^***(0.000 0)	-1.844 1^*(0.092 7)
lnemp	0.530 2^***(0.000 0)	-0.212 2^***(0.000 0)	-0.234 7^***(0.000 0)	3.807 4^***(0.000 0)
lnavek	0.434 6^***(0.000 0)	-0.104 3^***(0.000 0)	-0.114 1^***(0.000 0)	1.622 1^*(0.091 1)
sshare	0.200 6^***(0.000 0)	0.004 8(0.799 1)	0.583 7^***(0.000 0)	13.908 4^***(0.001 1)
fshare	-0.446 2^***(0.000 0)	0.075 9^***(0.000 0)	0.005 6(0.781 6)	-4.196 9(0.221 2)
Obs	126 828	143 912	143 912	140 539
R²	0.150 6	0.151 1	0.048 2	0.001 3

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表 9 影响机制的稳健性检验结果

变量	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
coagg	0.032 6^*(0.083 0)
coagg₁		-0.440 1^***(0.000 0)	-0.390 2^***(0.000 0)	-0.045 5(0.291 0)
coagg₂					0.201 3^***(0.000 0)
控制变量	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
N	28 861	28 006	29 317	21 793	8 089
R²	0.068 6	0.406 1	0.660 4	0.534 2	0.089 1

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表 10 生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚影响企业创新的中介效应检验结果

检验对象	中介变量	第一步	第二步	第三步	中介效应占总效应比例
研发创新激励	产业协同集聚	1.975 9^***(0.159 3)	0.052 3^***(0.011 5)	1.839 1^***(0.156 5)	0.069 2
				2.615 7^***(0.038 4)
进入决策	产业协同集聚	1.878 2^***(0.142 7)	0.055 4^***(0.002 5)	1.837 2^***(0.143 0)	0.021 8
				0.738 6^***(0.147 9)
退出决策	产业协同集聚	1.878 2^***(0.142 7)	0.004 2^**(0.001 8)	1.880 6^***(0.142 7)	-0.001 3
				-0.581 3^***(0.205 2)
交易成本结构	产业协同集聚	1.889 7^***(0.145 6)	-0.633 7(1.277 4)	1.889 6^***(0.145 6)	0.000 1
				-0.000 2(0.000 3)
注：括号内数字为标准差

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