How does Management Innovation Affect Enterprise Competitive Advantage?The Role of Organizational Resilience and Government Support under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
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摘要: 新冠疫情事件的冲击给企业带来新的问题,即如何在重大危机事件下进行管理创新、增强组织韧性、获取竞争优势,以保障企业持续健康地发展。基于制度理论和动态能力理论,实证分析管理创新影响企业竞争优势的作用机制,结果发现:管理创新能够直接提升企业的竞争优势;管理创新能增强组织韧性,而组织韧性能给企业带来速度优势和成本优势,因此管理创新能通过增强组织韧性间接提升企业的竞争优势;政府支持能强化管理创新对组织韧性的正向影响作用,也能强化管理创新对成本优势的正向影响作用。Abstract: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new problems for enterprises that enterprises should carry out management innovation, enhance organizational resilience and gain competitive advantage in the event of major crisis to ensure the sustainable and healthy development.Based on the institutional theory and dynamic capability theory, this paper empirically analyzes the mechanism of management innovation affecting the competitive advantage of enterprises. The results show as follows. Firstly, management innovation can directly improve the competitive advantage of enterprises. Secondly, management innovation can increase the organizational resilience, and organizational resilience can bring speed advantage and cost advantage to enterprises. Therefore, management innovation can indirectly improve competitive advantage by increasing organizational resilience.Thirdly, the positive effect of management innovation on organizational resilience can be strengthened by government support, and the positive effect of management innovation on cost advantage can also be strengthened by government support.
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表 1 样本企业基本情况
家, % 特征 类别 样本数 占比 企业年龄 1~9年 174 84.47 10~19年 27 13.11 20年以上 5 2.42 员工人数 小于20人 136 66.02 20~299人 68 33.01 300~999人 2 0.97 2019年营业收入 300万元以下 127 61.65 300万元以上2 000万元以下 63 30.58 2 000万元以上40 000万元以下 15 7.28 40 000万元以上 1 0.49 行业属性 信息传输、软件和信息技术服务业 96 46.6 科学研究和技术服务业 45 21.84 制造业 15 7.28 租赁和商务服务业 12 5.83 文化、体育和娱乐业 11 5.34 批发和零售业 9 4.37 其他 18 8.74 有无海外业务 有海外业务 17 8.25 无海外业务 189 91.75 表 2 变量及测量题项
变量 题项 因子载荷 组合信度 α值 管理创新 在疫情发生之前,公司会定期调整工作的规则与流程 0.713 0.857 0.864 在疫情发生之前,公司会定期调整员工的任务与职能 0.802 在疫情发生之前,公司会定期实施(采用)新的管理系统 0.848 在疫情发生之前,公司会定期调整薪酬政策 0.459 在疫情发生之前,公司会定期调整部门内及部门间的沟通方式 0.777 在疫情发生之前,公司会经常调整组织结构的某些元素 0.601 政府支持 疫情期间,政府及时出台了对公司有益的政策 0.793 0.937 0.935 疫情期间,政府及时帮助公司获取资源(资金、劳动力、关键基础原料等) 0.937 疫情期间,政府及时为公司提供生产要素(土地、设备、技术等)扶持 0.889 疫情期间,政府及时为公司提供了到位的服务(用工支持、配套服务等) 0.877 疫情期间,政府及时给予公司各类收费优惠(税收、行政/事业性收费等) 0.828 组织韧性 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司能够坚持并保持其地位 0.669 0.911 0.907 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司成功地提出了多种解决方法方案 0.667 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司为了不损失而一直在抵抗支撑着 0.510 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司不会放弃并坚持原有的(发展)路线 0.802 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司能够迅速采取行动 0.831 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司会为了从不利的环境中获益而研制替代方案 0.701 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司会灵活地在必要时采取所需的行动 0.869 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司仍然是一个所有员工都能各司其职的企业 0.685 面对新冠疫情等重大突发事件,我所在的公司仍然能够成功地把所有员工凝聚成一个整体来做事 0.791 速度优势 与主要竞争对手相比,公司总是能够率先采用新工艺、技术和方法 0.869 0.904 0.904 与主要竞争对手相比,公司总是能够率先推出新的产品和服务 0.836 与主要竞争对手相比,公司经常能够在行业内率先购买或掌握原创技术 0.908 成本优势 公司的单位产品开发成本低于主要竞争对手 0.942 0.921 0.920 公司的单位产品制造成本低于主要竞争对手 0.923 公司的单位产品销售成本低于主要竞争对手 0.841 公司的产品终端销售价格低于主要竞争对手 0.736 表 3 区分效度与共同方法偏差检验结果(N=206)
变量 χ2 df χ2/df RMR RMSEA CFI TLI IFI PCFI 五因子+共同方法因子模型 423.888 269 1.576 0.034 0.053 0.963 0.952 0.964 0.738 五因子模型 486.785 296 1.645 0.039 0.056 0.955 0.946 0.955 0.805 四因子模型 689.917 300 2.300 0.048 0.080 0.907 0.891 0.908 0.775 三因子模型 1197.921 306 3.915 0.102 0.119 0.787 0.756 0.790 0.686 二因子模型 1995.162 310 6.436 0.100 0.163 0.598 0.545 0.602 0.528 单因子模型 2425.025 314 7.723 0.109 0.181 0.497 0.438 0.501 0.444 注:五因子模型:管理创新、政府支持、组织韧性、速度优势、成本优势;四因子模型:管理创新、政府支持、组织韧性、速度优势+成本优势;三因子模型:政府支持、管理创新+组织韧性、速度优势+成本优势;二因子模型:政府支持、管理创新+组织韧性+速度优势+成本优势;单因子模型:管理创新+政府支持+组织韧性+速度优势+成本优势。 表 4 各核心变量的描述性统计与相关分析结果(N=206)
变量 1 2 3 4 5 管理创新 0.779 组织韧性 0.444*** 0.769 政府支持 0.311*** 0.495*** 0.891 速度优势 0.286*** 0.533*** 0.267*** 0.855 成本优势 0.298*** 0.386*** 0.296*** 0.685*** 0.830 均值 3.498 3.776 3.542 3.359 3.163 标准差 0.725 0.610 0.771 0.809 0.768 注:***代表P < 0.001;表中划线数字为各潜变量的AVE平方根。 表 5 管理创新、政府支持、组织韧性与竞争优势的回归结果(N=206)
变量 组织韧性 速度优势 成本优势 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 常量 2.123 1.423 1.198 1.198 0.241 1.052 1.047 0.650 企业年龄 0.069 0.058 0.170* 0.170* 0.141+ 0.148+ 0.149+ 0.136+ 员工人数 0.073 0.139* 0.086 0.087 0.016 0.045 0.053 0.022 营业收入 0.055 -0.031 -0.015 -0.015 0.001 0.028 0.024 0.031 制造业 0.114 0.070 0.151+ 0.151+ 0.115 0.145+ 0.141+ 0.126 有无海外业务 -0.060 -0.090 -0.024 -0.026 0.020 -0.101 -0.117+ -0.097 管理创新 0.451*** 0.311*** 0.219** 0.218** 0.061 0.233*** 0.223** 0.154* 政府支持 0.405*** 0.195** 0.195** -0.010 0.220** 0.222** 0.132+ 管理创新×政府支持 0.126* 0.010 -0.054 0.130* 0.102 组织韧性 0.507*** 0.221*** Adj. R2 0.195 0.348 0.114 0.110 0.273 0.135 0.147 0.175 ΔR2 0.197 0.016 0.033 0.000 0.161 0.042 0.016 0.031 F 9.282*** 14.706*** 4.766*** 4.152*** 9.563*** 5.556*** 5.429*** 5.835*** 注:***代表P < 0.001;**代表P < 0.010;*代表P < 0.050;+代表P < 0.100。 -
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