The Impact Mechanism and Effectiveness of the Servant Leadership on Work-Family Facilitation
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摘要: 基于资源保存理论视角, 研究服务型领导对员工工作—家庭促进的影响机制, 同时加入个体层面的心理安全和权利距离导向两个因素作为中介变量和调节变量, 旨在探寻这四者间是否存在相互影响。结果表明: 服务型领导通过员工个体层面的心理安全对其工作—家庭促进产生显著的正向影响, 但权利距离导向会调节这一影响效果。具体表现为: 对于权力距离导向水平较高的员工, 服务型领导对其心理安全的正向促进作用减弱, 从而减弱了服务型领导对其工作—家庭促进的正向影响。反之, 对于权力距离导向较低的员工, 服务型领导对其心理安全的正向促进作用会提升, 从而提升了服务型领导对其工作—家庭促进的正向影响。Abstract: Based on conservation resources theory, this study analyzed the impact of service leadership on work-family facilitation, and employed psychological safety and power distance orientation as the mediator to test the hypothesis. The research results demonstrate that servant leadership has significant positive impact on work-family facilitation through individual psychological security, but power distance orientation can adjust the effect. The specific performance is: for employees with higher level of power distance orientation, the positive effect of service-oriented leadership on their psychological security will be weakened, which weakens the service-oriented leadership on the positive effect of employees' work-family facilitation. On the contrary, for the employees with lower power distance orientation, the positive effect of service-oriented leadership on their psychological safety will be enhanced, thus enhancing the positive impact of service-oriented leadership on employees' work-family facilitation.
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表 1 测量模型之间的比较结果
模型 包含因子 χ2 df RMSEA CFI SRMR 基准模型 4因子：SL；PD；PS；WFF 100.93 48 0.07 0.97 0.04 模型1 3因子：SL+PD；PS；WFF 452.83 51 0.19 0.80 0.23 模型2 2因子：SL+PD；PS+WFF 523.81 53 0.20 0.76 0.23 模型3 2因子：SL+PS；PD+WFF 370.76 53 0.17 0.84 0.19 模型4 1因子：SL+PS+PD+WFF 988.10 54 0.21 0.53 0.29 注：SL代表服务型领导，PD代表权力距离导向，PS代表心理安全，WFF代表工作—家庭促进，“+”代表因子合并。 
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表 2 各变量的均值、标准差、信度分析及相关分析结果
变量 平均数 标准差 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 性别 1.55 0.49 — 年龄 29.30 1.52 0.01 — 工龄 4.98 6.41 -0.15* 0.25** — 教育程度 2.89 0.70 0.09 -0.08 -0.34** — 服务型领导 3.46 0.52 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 0.10 (0.93) 权力距离导向 2.78 0.72 -0.19** 0.16** 0.24** -0.06 0.04 (0.80) 心理安全 3.58 0.48 -0.07 -0.01 -0.01 0.07 0.66** -0.06 (0.85) 工作—家庭促进 3.82 0.55 -0.11 -0.02 0.04 -0.01 0.47** -0.07 0.61** (0.73) 注：N=255; **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05；括号内数值是量表的内部一致性信度。
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表 3 中介效应检验结果(N=255)
变量 系数 标准误 t p 直接效应和总效应(Direct and total effects) 服务型领导到工作—家庭促进 0.49 0.05 8.51 0.00 服务型领导到心理安全 0.62 0.04 14.29 0.00 心理安全到工作—家庭促进(控制服务型领导) 0.61 0.07 8.13 0.00 服务型领导到工作—家庭促进(控制心理安全) 0.11 0.07 1.67 0.09
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表 4 权力距离导向的调节效应(N=255)
变量 心理安全 系数 标准误 t p 常数 3.58 0.02 159.15 0.00 服务型领导 0.61 0.04 13.96 0.00 权力距离导向 -0.04 0.03 -1.29 0.19 服务型领导×权力距离导向 -0.12 0.05 -2.28 0.02
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表 5 调节效应下自变量对因变量的条件效应
变量 工作—家庭促进 Boot indirect effect Boot SE BootLL90%CI BootUL90%CI 权力距离
导向取值均值-标准差(-0.72) 0.43 0.08 0.29 0.57 均值(0.00) 0.37 0.06 0.26 0.49 均值+标准差(0.72) 0.31 0.07 0.20 0.43 注：N=255，报告结果为非标准化回归系数，Bootstrap sample size=5000。SE=standard error(标准误差)，LL=lower limit(下限)，UL=upper limit(上限)，CI=confident interval(置信区间)。下表同。
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表 6 有调节的中介指数(Index of Moderated Mediation)
变量 指数 Boot SE BootLL90%CI BootUL90%CI 权力距离导向 -0.07 0.04 -0.16 -0.01
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